Abstract
Honeybees swarm when they move to a new site for their hive. During the process of swarming, their behavior can be analyzed by classifying them as informed bees or uninformed bees, where the informed bees have some information about the destination while the uninformed bees follow the informed bees. The swarm's movement can be viewed as a network of mobile nodes with asymmetric information exchange about their destination. In these networks, adaptive and mobile agents share information on the fly and adapt their estimates in response to local measurements and data shared with neighbors. Diffusion adaptation is used to model the adaptation process in the presence of asymmetric nodes and noisy data. The simulations indicate that the models are able to emulate the swarming behavior of bees under varied conditions such as a small number of informed bees, sharing of target location, sharing of target direction, and noisy measurements.
Highlights
Animal species move in groups, such as schools of fish, flocks of birds, and swarms of honeybees, when they perform seasonal migrations, travel to food sources, or to new sites [1]
For honey bees, when they have made a decision about the new site and begin traveling, the location of the new nest site is only known to a small fraction of the swarm [2,3]
A curious feature in the home-site selection procedure by bees is that only 3-5% of the bees [4] in the swarm have been to the new site and are called scout bees
Summary
Animal species move in groups, such as schools of fish, flocks of birds, and swarms of honeybees, when they perform seasonal migrations, travel to food sources, or to new sites [1]. The speed becomes smax the same as that of the uninformed bees, so that other bees cannot recognize it as an informed bee This procedure can be modeled mathematically as follows: If Nk(,is) ≥ threshold, informed bee k sets its velocity vector as a combination of the previous velocity vector and an estimate of the direction vector toward the location of the new site: vk,i. According to (13), each uninformed bee k attempts to combine the estimates of its neighbors of informed bees in order to estimate the destination location w° by Figure 1 A diffusion adaptation model for the motion of informed bees involving three components: adaptation, consultation, and velocity control. In the current model, the uninformed bees can only receive information about the velocity vectors of their neighboring bees, so that the diffusion step is performed over the intermediate velocities.
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