Abstract
The battery thermal management system is one of the important systems of an electric vehicle with direct effects on its performance. In this regard, this paper proposes a mathematical model that increases the accuracy of data obtained by numerical analysis of the temperature inside battery packs. The activity of the design and development (as accurate as possible) of a battery pack leads to an increase in the life of the battery cells and of the energetic efficiency of the electric vehicle in the specific operating conditions of road traffic. The research methodology of the thermal phenomenon in the battery pack, presented by the authors, is based on an efficient co-simulation concept consisting of steady-state CFD simulations and transient 1D simulations using a new mathematical model for the thermal behavior of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) cylindrical battery and applied in a battery pack’s forced air cooling thermal management system. Comparing the obtained results, it was found that the use of the model provides more accurate calculations of the local thermal performance of the air cooling system, with a direct influence on optimizing its design and construction. It is also highlighted that using the proposed model for higher heat transfer coefficient values (increase in air flow), offers more accurate data compared to other models, with immediate benefits in the proper design and development of the battery’s thermal management system.
Highlights
The transportation sector is responsible for 27% of the total energy consumption in the world economy because, at present, this sector mainly uses means of transport equipped with internal combustion engines [1,2]
This paper proposes a new mathematical model using a thermal resistance network for cylindrical battery cells placed in a horizontal position, where the thermal characteristicchsaorfacatebraitstteicrsyocfeall baartetenroytcceollnasride enroetdcoasnsaidwehreodlea,sbauwt ahsoalen, binuttearascatnioinntbeertawcteioenn bseevtwereaeln sescetvioernasl osfecthtieonceslol.f the cell
Following the numerical analysis of evaluating the thermal behavior of the considered battery system in transient mode, the results are presented in graphical form in Figure 12, Figure 13, and Figure 14
Summary
The transportation sector is responsible for 27% of the total energy consumption in the world economy (a volume that accounts for 33.7% of total CO2 emissions) because, at present, this sector mainly uses means of transport equipped with internal combustion engines [1,2]. Numerous studies have implemented and validated thermal mathematical models that analyze convective heat transfer from the surface of battery cells [24,32,33,34,35,36,37]. This obstructs the access of the cooling air flow to the battery cells and, the heat transfer is significantly reduced. Where Cs is the battery cell surface heat capacity Coolant, in this case the air, is heated after passing next to each cell section, with this heating being influenced by the temperature of the cooled surfaces and the flow characteristics, according to Equation (8): Cf dTf ,i.j dτ. An ambient air temperature of 30 ◦C is considered, while the initial battery temperature is set to 20 ◦C
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