Abstract
The Nervos CKB (Common Knowledge Base) is a public permissionless blockchain designed for the Nervos ecosystem. The CKB consensus protocol is the key protocol of the Nervos CKB, which improves the limit of the consensus’s performance for Bitcoin. In this paper, we developed the formal model of the CKB consensus protocol using timed automata. Based on the model, we formally verified various important properties of the Nervos CKB to provide a sufficient trustworthiness assurance. Especially, the security of the Nervos CKB against the selfish mining attacks to the protocol was investigated.
Highlights
Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers for which there are numerous benefits such as decentralization, persistency, and anonymity
We propose the formal model of the Common Knowledge Base (CKB) consensus protocol using timed automata
The work in this paper is an extension of our previous studies [14,15], where we initially discussed the formal models of the CKB block synchronization protocol and consensus protocol, respectively, and the verification of some important properties of these two protocols
Summary
Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers for which there are numerous benefits such as decentralization, persistency, and anonymity. The protocol aims to overcome the two drawbacks of Bitcoin consensus: the low transaction processing throughput and the vulnerability to selfish mining attacks. It limits the time of connecting the sender in the search of a lost transaction. The work in this paper is an extension of our previous studies [14,15], where we initially discussed the formal models of the CKB block synchronization protocol and consensus protocol, respectively, and the verification of some important properties of these two protocols. We further improved the formal models of the CKB consensus protocol and investigated its robustness against malicious attacks, especially selfish mining attacks.
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