Abstract
Nowadays, many aircraft manufacturers are working on new airplanes to reduce the environmental footprint and therefore meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. The concept of more electric aircraft is one of the solutions to achieve this goal. For this aircraft architecture, several electrical devices are used in order to supply propulsive and non-propulsive functions. This paper focuses on the sizing of a direct hybridization system to supply a non-propulsive function in an aircraft. It is composed of a High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) and a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. This sizing is based on a static model of each storage device. The accuracy of these models is compared with dynamic models during a simulation for an aeronautical mission. Static models are implemented in a genetic algorithm to achieve two goals: on the one hand, satisfy the mission profile, and on the other hand, minimize the mass of the system. Other criteria, such as battery and fuel cell aging estimation, are considered. The obtained results show that the direct hybridization system allows protecting the fuel cell against an accelerated aging.
Highlights
In order to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the global warming on the one hand, and to reduce the dependence on limited fossil fuel reserves on the other hand, the development of carbon-free energy systems is required
The advantages of an energy system using an HT-PEMFC are interesting for an on-board application in an aircraft by reducing the size of the fuel cell balance of a plant (FCBOP), by facilitating the use of reformed hydrogen, and Energies 2021, 14, 7655 cell balance of a plant (FCBOP), by facilitating the use of reformed hydrogen, and by allowing multi-generation on-board: electricity, heat, water, and inert gas [3]
The objective of this paper is to present a sizing method in order to optimize the performance of a direct hybridization system composed of a HT-PEM fuel cell and a Li-ion battery for an aeronautical application
Summary
In order to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the global warming on the one hand, and to reduce the dependence on limited fossil fuel reserves on the other hand, the development of carbon-free energy systems is required. Among the fuel cell technologies, the High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) technology, operating at around 160 ◦C, has great advantages: the heat produced is more recoverable, and the cooling system is more compact compared to the Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (LTPEMFC) This high temperature allows a good tolerance to impurities, in particular those present in the hydrogen obtained by reforming, such as carbon monoxide [2]. It is an additional component of significant mass, volume, and cost that may fail
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