Abstract
Seawater scrubbing of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide from marine emissions was simulated in packed-bed columns exposed to static inclination and heaving/oscillating motions. Fourth generation random packings (Raschig super-Rings) while providing much smaller pressure drop than traditional Pall-Rings ensure comparable absorption efficiency for the pollutants. Complete removal of SO2 was predicted over the tested pressure range with absorption efficiency indifferent to scrubber inclination or heaving/oscillating motions. In contrast, NOx and CO2 absorptions are negatively impacted for inclined seawater scrubbers. Removal efficiency is not lowered significantly owing to larger scrubber pressure and because diffusion of N2O4 into the liquid phase is associated with a rapid pseudo first-order reaction. The asymmetrical oscillating motion of the scrubber degrades the removal performance which exhibits wavy patterns close to the steady-state solution of the average inclination angle. NO and CO2 absorption performance waves are moving toward a steady-state solution of vertical scrubber when the asymmetry of the two inclined positions of the scrubber downgrades. Symmetric oscillation and heaving motion led to performance disturbance waves around a steady-state solution of the vertical scrubber which are determined by the parameters of angular/heaving motion.
Highlights
Marine shipping represents more than 90% of the whole international commerce [1] and is the highest energy-efficient way for long-distance transport
Sulfur and nitrogen oxides can be eliminated from the exhaust gas via typical selective catalytic/non-catalytic reduction and flue gas desulfurization processes [4,5,6] which enhance the complexity of the equipment, the capital cost and the energy need [5]
The best design of absorption wind waves and variables) heaving and angular ship motions which could possibly packed-bed columns working in changeable ocean conditions requests for advanced comprehension change the seawater scrubber functioning [15,16,17]
Summary
Marine shipping represents more than 90% of the whole international commerce [1] and is the highest energy-efficient way for long-distance transport. Iloeje et al [5] modified this two-column process design with a single reactive absorption column operated at high pressure which succeeds the complete removal of SOx and NOx. In the above-mentioned land-based NOx and SO2 removal processes, water can be substituted with seawater and sulfur and nitrogen oxides removal by scrubbing can be applied on marine ships. There are important operative and technical challenges to managing sulfur and nitrogen oxides removal on-board large marine ships and offshore processing platforms, the one more noticeable being the impact of weather and ocean conditions on the performance of absorption process. The best design of absorption wind waves and variables) heaving and angular ship motions which could possibly packed-bed columns working in changeable ocean conditions requests for advanced comprehension change the seawater scrubber functioning [15,16,17].
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