Abstract
We develop a consistent model for a line lightning protection device (LLPD) and demonstrate that it can explain the two modes of current quenching—impulse quenching and current zero quenching—observed in such devices. A dimensional analysis shows that impulse quenching can always be obtained if the power loss from the electric arcs is large enough as compared to , where U0 is the grid voltage and If is the maximum follow current after a lightning strike. We further show that the two modes of quenching can be reproduced in a full 3D arc simulation coupled to the appropriate circuit model, which allows us to analyze the power loss from the arc in greater detail. Because of the high temperature, the main mechanism of power loss is radiation which has to be correctly modeled in order to obtain physically meaningful results. The results will allow us to use numerical simulations to optimize the quenching ability to LLPDs in the future.
Highlights
We consider a Line Lightning Protection Device (LLPD) consisting of a series of arc gaps between a power line and the ground
Experiments performed on real devices have consistently demonstrated two modes of current quenching[1, 2, 3]: In the case of current zero quenching (ZQ), current will flow through the device until it passes through zero due to the vanishing grid voltage
We develop a complete 3D arc simulation based on the assumption of a thermal plasma and use it to simulate both ZQ and impulse quenching (IQ)
Summary
We consider a Line Lightning Protection Device (LLPD) consisting of a series of arc gaps between a power line and the ground. In the case of a lightning strike, on the other hand, the large overvoltage will ignite a series of electric arcs in the device. This allows the ligthning current to be redirected to the ground, thereby protecting the insulation of the power line. We develop a complete 3D arc simulation based on the assumption of a thermal plasma and use it to simulate both ZQ and IQ This model allows us to examine the shape of the arc in the real arcing chamber geometry and to study the interaction of the arc with the circuit
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