Abstract
Background: Manual drug infusion during surgeries is inaccurate and timeconsuming which has been adopted technique in most of the hospitals. Methods: Based on clinical data, it is evident that the manual control is inaccurate and takes prolonged time to bring into effect, if any change in infusion rate is required during clinical practice. Considering this drawback, the modeling of cardiovascular system (CVS) and baroreceptor (BR) is developed using miscellaneous differential equations based on compartmental approach. The control variables are mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) obtained from CVS-BR model. Findings: The manipulated variables are noradrenaline (NAR) and nitroglycerine (NG) infusion rate which is modeled using the relationship between volume and drug mass effect equations on CVS-BR model. For the open loop transfer function derived from the model, relative gain array (RGA) analysis is performed to identify the influence of maximum effect of manipulated variables on the physiological parameters. The simulation results obtained from MATLAB are correlated using time domain specifications and error criteria. The performance index reveals the least error and facilitates in accurate infusion of drugs to the patient during cardiovascular surgeries. Novelty: The automatic controller during surgery provides safe operating condition and speedy recovery of the patients and also helps the anaesthetist to monitor and regulate the physiological variables. Keywords: Control strategy; Error criteria; Drug infusion; Modeling; Relative gain array; Simulation
Highlights
Human cardiovascular system helps in supplying sufficient amount of oxygen to all vital organs and tissues through the flow of blood
The closed loop response obtained using Bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) is compared with conventional PI controller tuned using relay tuning method as shown in Figure 3 A - B and the output responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) are shown in Figure 3 C - D
The optimization technique is used to determine the optimal values of PI controllers in regulating Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Cardiac Output (CO) by controlling the infusion rate of Noradrenaline (NAR) and Nitroglycerine (NG)
Summary
Human cardiovascular system helps in supplying sufficient amount of oxygen to all vital organs and tissues through the flow of blood. The work presented in this article, concentrates on the optimization algorithm that has been developed to tune the parameters of Proportional-Integral controller This controller in turn regulates the drug infusion rate infused into patients during cardiovascular surgery. It focuses on the performance of the algorithm that have been developed when compared with the conventional method used for tuning the control parameters, such as relay tuning technique. Methods: Based on clinical data, it is evident that the manual control is inaccurate and takes prolonged time to bring into effect, if any change in infusion rate is required during clinical practice Considering this drawback, the modeling of cardiovascular system (CVS) and baroreceptor (BR) is developed using miscellaneous differential equations based on compartmental approach.
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