Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) and Artificial neural network (ANN) were used for the simulation and optimization of galena dissolution in hydrochloric acid. The galena ore was characterized for structure elucidation using FTIR, SEM and X-ray diffraction spectroscopic techniques and the results indicate that the galena ore exists mainly as lead sulphide (PbS). A feed-forward neural network model with Leverberg-Marquardt back propagating training algorithm was used to predict the response (lead yield). The leaching temperature, acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio, stirring rate and leaching time were defined as input variables, while the percentage yield of lead was labelled as output variable. The multilayer perceptron with architecture of 5-9-1 provided the best performance. All the process variables were found to have significant impact on the response with p-values of 2 of 0.991 and 1.00, respectively. A non-dominated optimal response of 85.25% yield of lead at 343.96 K leaching temperature, 3.11 M hydrochloric acid concentration, 0.021 g/ml solid/liquid ratio, 362.27 rpm stirring speed and 87.37 min leaching time was established as a viable route for reduced material and operating cost using RSM.
Highlights
The galena ore was characterized for structure elucidation using FTIR, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopic techniques and the results indicate that the galena ore exists mainly as lead sulphide (PbS)
The leaching temperature, acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio, stirring rate and leaching time were defined as input variables, while the percentage yield of lead was labelled as output variable
A non-dominated optimal response of 85.25% yield of lead at 343.96 K leaching temperature, 3.11 M hydrochloric acid concentration, 0.021 g/ml solid/liquid ratio, 362.27 rpm stirring speed and 87.37 min leaching time was established as a viable route for reduced material and operating cost using Response surface methodology (RSM)
Summary
J. Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering. Trace amounts of other elements including gold are sometimes found with lead ore. The most common ore mineral of lead is galena (PbS) known as lead sulphide. Lead’s high density, atomic number, and formability form the basis for use of lead as a barrier that absorbs sound, vibration, and radiation. Lead is an established shielding material from radiation in nuclear science and in X-ray rooms due to its denseness and high attenuation coefficient. The single most important commercial use of lead is in the manufacture of lead-acid storage batteries
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