Modeling and investigating the interaction among risk factors of the sustainable petroleum supply chain

Abstract

The sustainable petroleum supply chain (PSC) gradually became an indispensable part of the companies. Due to its complexity in nature, various sources of risk appear in the sustainable petroleum supply chain. Most of the previous research was less focused on the risk liaison of the risk interaction. This study aims to identify the prominent risk factors and causal relationships among them by considering the petroleum industry's upstream, midstream, and downstream. The literature was scrutinized, and the main criteria were identified, which were filtered by the expert's panel. Five main criteria and the fifteen sub-criteria were selected for the final assessment of the risk identification and interaction of risk factors. The study has implemented an integrated MCDM techniques rough set theory and DEMATEL. This integrated method uses a flexible rough number to control the impreciseness and ambivalence. The result shows that fluctuation in the crude oil price, quality of products, and inability to anticipate market change are the prominent risk factors for sustainable PSC. Moreover, the study might help practitioners, policymakers, and academicians to emphasize their effort toward risk assessment of sustainable PSC.