Abstract
Computation of Common Middle Point seismic sections and their subsequent time migration and diffraction imaging provides very important knowledge about the internal structure of 3D heterogeneous geological media and are key elements for successive geological interpretation. Full-scale numerical simulation, that computes all single shot seismograms, provides a full understanding of how the features of the image reflect the properties of the subsurface prototype. Unfortunately, this kind of simulations of 3D seismic surveys for realistic geological media needs huge computer resources, especially for simulation of seismic waves’ propagation through multiscale media like cavernous fractured reservoirs. Really, we need to combine smooth overburden with microstructure of reservoirs, which forces us to use locally refined grids. However, to resolve realistic statements with huge multi-shot/multi-offset acquisitions it is still not enough to provide reasonable needs of computing resources. Therefore, we propose to model 3D Common Middle Point seismic cubes directly, rather than shot-by-shot simulation with subsequent stacking. To do that we modify the well-known "exploding reflectors principle" for 3D heterogeneous multiscale media by use of the finite-difference technique on the base of grids locally refined in time and space. We develop scalable parallel software, which needs reasonable computational costs to simulate realistic models and acquisition. Numerical results for simulation of Common Middle Points sections and their time migration are presented and discussed.
Highlights
The major challenge in carbonates environments is how to map micro-heterogeneities, which have a significant impact on oil and gas production
In many carbonate reservoirs, matrix porosity contains the oil in place but the permeability is mainly provided by fracture corridors
The paper from Carcione with co-authors [4]). The basement of this choice is the common knowledge that Common Middle Point (CMP) stack section computed with reasonable stacking velocities and amplitude control provides a rather good approximation of primary reflections generating by a zero-offset point-receiver acquisition, which, in turn, can be simulated on the base of exploding reflectors concept
Summary
The major challenge in carbonates environments is how to map micro-heterogeneities, which have a significant impact on oil and gas production. The paper from Carcione with co-authors [4]) The basement of this choice is the common knowledge that CMP stack section computed with reasonable stacking velocities and amplitude control provides a rather good approximation of primary reflections generating by a zero-offset point-receiver acquisition, which, in turn, can be simulated on the base of exploding reflectors concept. Combination of this concept with the use of the finite-difference technique with local refinement in time and space opens the way to simulate seismic waves’ propagation through multiscale media and computation of diffraction/scattering images. To conclude we summarize and discuss the results obtained and consider possible ways for further development
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