Abstract
This article presents the development, parameterization, and experimental validation of a pseudo-three-dimensional (P3D) multiphysics model of a 350 mAh high-power lithium-ion pouch cell with graphite anode and lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LCO/NCA) blend cathode. The model describes transport processes on three different scales: Heat transport on the macroscopic scale (cell), mass and charge transport on the mesoscopic scale (electrode pair), and mass transport on the microscopic scale (active material particles). A generalized description of electrochemistry in blend electrodes is developed, using the open-source software Cantera for calculating species source terms. Very good agreement of model predictions with galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and surface temperature measurements is observed over a wide range of operating conditions (0.05C to 10C charge and discharge, 5°C to 35°C). The behavior of internal states (concentrations, potentials, temperatures) is discussed. The blend materials show a complex behavior with both intra-particle and inter-particle non-equilibria during cycling.
Highlights
The macroscopically observable behavior of lithium-ion cells in terms of current, voltage and temperature dynamics is governed by a strong coupling of electrochemistry and transport on multiple scales inside the cell
Thermo-electrochemical behavior over wide operation range.— In Figure 5 to Figure 7 we show the macroscopically observable thermo-electrochemical behavior of the cell both in the frequency and time domains, which we use to compare to experimental data
The EIS behavior is constrained by the physicochemical model
Summary
The macroscopically observable behavior of lithium-ion cells in terms of current, voltage and temperature dynamics is governed by a strong coupling of electrochemistry and transport on multiple scales inside the cell. In Jung[19] a physics-based dynamic model of lithium-ion cells with LMO/NMC blend cathodes is presented: the model is able to run simulations under various operating conditions and is showing a good agreement with the experimental data. Mao et al.[20] developed and adapted a P2D electrochemical model to describe the performance of an LMO/NMC blend electrode from a commercial lithium-ion battery: the model is able to simulate nonuniform size distribution and chemical composition. This article presents the development, parameterization, and experimental validation of a P3D model of a commercial 350 mAh highpower lithium-ion pouch cell with graphite anode and lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LCO/NCA) blend cathode. The behavior of internal states during a discharge/charge cycle is shown and discussed
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