Modeling and Control of Heterogeneous Agricultural Field Robots Based on Ramadge–Wonham Theory

Abstract

Cooperation among heterogeneous agricultural field robots in an agricultural environment guarantees the advantages of effectiveness and scalability. However, traditional control theories for coordination among multiple heterogeneous robots lack a systematic modeling method and a control strategy under unstructured and uncertain environments. To handle these limitations, a novel approach based on the Ramadge–Wonham theory and discrete event system is proposed in this letter. Specifications and a supervisory controller based on discrete event models were defined from an agricultural perspective considering cooperation among heterogeneous agricultural field robots. Discrete event systems were modeled through the automata theory and the behavior of heterogeneous field robots satisfied the designed specifications. The resulting supervisor ensures that the control objectives of formation control, obstacle avoidance, movements, and path following are satisfied. The approach and architecture proposed in this study were validated using a physics-based simulator and field experiments.