Abstract

The growing demand for high spectral efficiency in 5G communication systems imposes greater energy consumption requirements in wireless handsets. Using spectrally efficient modulations such as multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) introduces challenging requirements for the power amplifier (PA), which consumes the most energy in a wireless handset, and degrades the PA efficiency because of a higher peak-to-average ratio (PAR). In this paper, the impact of using MQAM on the energy dissipation of the PA is examined by capturing the impact of modulation order, PA type, and roll-off factor, along with all corresponding parameters such as PA drain efficiency, the modulation PAR, and the PAR due to the roll-off factor of the transmission pulse. We then investigate different methods for reducing the impact of PAR on PA efficiency. Our results also show that a roll-off factor of 0.42 for a square-root raised cosine (SRRC) pulse can be considered as the optimum choice for wireless communication systems in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. Further, our results show that the linearity and efficiency of class AB PAs can be maintained for very high modulation orders in 5G systems.

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