Abstract
This paper focuses on a comprehensive framework design and performance analysis for a large-scale hotspot communication scenario where there exist large number of clustered pico base stations (P-BSs) and femto BSs (F-BSs) working on millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave). For such realistic hotspots' deployment, to exploit the coupling between user equipments (UEs) and base stations (BSs), we model the geographical centers of UE hotspots as independent PPP around which UEs, P-BSs and F-BSs are scattered and form independent and non-homogeneous Poisson cluster processes (PCPs). However, with clustered P-BSs and F-BSs, the UEs would experience the severer intra-cluster interference so that the performance is degraded greatly. To overcome this problem in clustered networks, an effective interference management scheme is proposed by using the ratio of the first and second nearest distances of a typical UE from P-BSs so that a typical UE can be classified as either cluster-center UEs (CCUEs) or cluster-edge UEs (CEUEs). Correspondingly, the total available spectrum band is divided as CCUE-band and CEUE-band, which are occupied by P-BSs associated with CCUEs and CEUEs, respectively. Unlike P-BSs, the F-BSs randomly access the CEUE-band and CCUE-band with a given access portion factor. By using the method from stochastic geometry and the distinguishing feature of mm-Wave, such as directional beamforming with sectored antenna model and modified line of sight ball model for blockage, the UE association probability and Laplace transforms of interference are derived. This yields the derivations of downlink transmission rates. The numerical results show that the proposed clustered heterogeneous scheme with the cluster-UE classification outperforms the traditional ones without the UE classification. This approach not only captures the UE-BS coupling and the non-homogeneous nature of multi-tier networks, but also restricts the severe intra-cluster interference due to clustered BSs.
Highlights
The exponential growth of wireless data services along with the spectrum shortage is promoting the development of new wireless communication networks and technologies
This paper focuses on the large-scale hotspot scenario in which there exist large number of clustered pico base stations (P-base stations (BSs)) and femto BSs (F-BSs) working on mm-Wave
By clustering both P-BSs and F-BSs, we model the geographical centers of devices as independent Poisson point processes (PPP) around which user equipments (UEs), P-BSs and F-BSs are scattered and form independent Poisson cluster processes (PCPs)
Summary
The exponential growth of wireless data services along with the spectrum shortage is promoting the development of new wireless communication networks and technologies. The work [39] proposed a UE classification method based on distance ratio, this work only considered the conventional independent PPPbased networks without the consideration in terms of clusterbased multi-tier HetNets The performance of such networks with UEs classification over mm-Wave frequency band has not been addressed in existing works, so far. 1) This work develops a realistic framework based on independent PCP to model the large-scale hotspot area with UE-centric multi-tier BSs deployments over an mm-Wave two-tier heterogeneous network, consisting of P-BSs and F-BSs. Unlike the existing works where BSs were assumed to be independent from the UEs and molded as independent PPPs, this work considers the P-BS-UE coupling, and the F-BSUE coupling.
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