Abstract
Based on full and rigorous study, this paper addresses the issue of ensuring a feasible association in practice between a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and DC-DC power converters including a buck and boost converter. This association is mathematically modeled, analyzed, and controlled by an optimal PID controller. Using absolute stability tools with a rigorous analytical approach that takes into consideration windup effects, in addition to the nonlinear behavior of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, sufficient conditions are provided to ensure that the closed-loop system is L2-stable. These conditions allow the optimal PID controller parameters to be chosen and ensure the closed-loop system stability, by tracking reference outputs, and an optimal performance against perturbations. Formal analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental validation were carried out to verify that the PID controller designed with an anti-windup action is robust and meets all of the pre-defined objectives. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the association between the PEMFC and the DC-DC converters is achieved if only certain conditions are met.
Highlights
Electric vehicles based on lithium-ion batteries dominate the market
Using the same notations of the previous subsection, the following instantaneous model of the DC-DC boost converter associated with the fuel cell is obtained as follows: (r + Ro )
The objective now is to design a controller that regulates the output voltage of a DC-DC power converter associated with the fuel cell, represented by (56)–(59)
Summary
Electric vehicles based on lithium-ion batteries dominate the market. the short longevity of lithium-ion batteries compared to their high cost is a disadvantage [1]. DC-DC power power converter converter is is not not provided; provided; the the dynamics dynamics of of the the fuel fuel cell oftenignored ignoredwhen whendesigning designing controllers; formal analysis of constrained controllers cell are often controllers; andand formal analysis of constrained controllers using using anti-windup is not often not addressed. In this this perspective, perspective, the current work presents four main contributions:.
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