Modeling an electric vehicle parking lot with solar rooftop participating in the reserve market and in ancillary services provision

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as a crucial tool to reduce the polluting emissions caused by the transport and power systems (PS) sector and the associated shift to a cleaner and more sustainable energy sector. The combination of EVs and solar photovoltaics (PV) in PS, specifically through the aggregation of EVs in parking lots (PLs), may improve the reliability and flexibility of the PS, assisting the power network in critical moments. This work proposes a novel aggregator agent in the energy system which is an EV charging station with an installed PV system. In this work, an optimal operation strategy for the solar-powered EV PL (EVSPL) operation is presented. The model optimizes the EVSPL's participation in various energy and ancillary services markets, including the effects of capacity payments. The results show that the EVSPL leads to higher profits. The EVSPL's participation in ancillary services is highly influenced by the prices. The results of this work show that this novel agent can actively participate in the energy system in an economically viable manner while respecting the technical constraints of the network and providing important ancillary services to the system operator.