Abstract
The response of adult human bone marrow stromal stem cells to surface topographies generated through femtosecond laser machining can be predicted by a deep neural network. The network is capable of predicting cell response to a statistically significant level, including positioning predictions with a probability P < 0.001, and therefore can be used as a model to determine the minimum line separation required for cell alignment, with implications for tissue structure development and tissue engineering. The application of a deep neural network, as a model, reduces the amount of experimental cell culture required to develop an enhanced understanding of cell behavior to topographical cues and, critically, provides rapid prediction of the effects of novel surface structures on tissue fabrication and cell signaling.
Highlights
With an approximate annual cost of £2.1 billion for osteoporosis to the UK National Health Service (NHS) and costing between 1.0% and 2.5% of gross domestic product for westernized countries, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA) represent major socio-economic challenges in an aging demographic [1, 2]
Harnessing topographical cues offers an accepted and promising technique to control stem cell fate and function, as cells respond to the shape of their environment due to changes in contact guidance, cell spreading and contact inhibition [6]
After the output had been analyzed and observed to be statistically significant, validating the network, the network was used as a model to determine the minimum line separation required for cell alignment
Summary
With an approximate annual cost of £2.1 billion for osteoporosis to the UK National Health Service (NHS) and costing between 1.0% and 2.5% of gross domestic product for westernized countries, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA) represent major socio-economic challenges in an aging demographic [1, 2]. Current approaches to alleviate this skeletal disease include pain medication, bone grafts/stem cells and implants. The former solution is unsustainable – a recent public health report showed 5% of UK citizens are prescribed opioids [4], which have limited long-term benefit and severe issues including lack of clinical proof of pain reduction and numerous associated risks of opioid use [5]. The use of grafts/stem cells and implants are not without risk and include the possibility of rejection. There is a growing need for innovative techniques to promote implant integration and reduce the failure rate of osteopathic intervention
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