Abstract
Modeling is a group of cellular activities implicating osteoblasts in the development of various skeletal bones in the embryo and fetus. Remodeling is a complex adaptive process involving the coordinated action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It occurs once the skeleton is mature. Intercellular signaling pathways involve a great number of cytokines and growth factors. However, bone modeling, occurring by direct action of osteoblasts without prior action of osteoclasts, can occur in some circumstances, especially when in contact with biomaterials such as implants and grafted materials. We reviewed the basic concepts of cell coupling and the microscopic aspects of transition from modeling to remodeling in direct contact with dental implants and biomaterials. Bone quality is greatly improved by remodeling which is associated with the deposit of lamellar bone, the biomechanical properties of which are superior to those of non-lamellar bone formed by modeling.
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