Abstract
Geomechanical assessment of rocks requires knowledge of phenomena that occur under the influence of internal and external factors at a macroscopic or microscopic scale, when rocks are submitted to different actions. To elucidate the quantitative and qualitative geomechanical behavior of rocks, knowing their geological and physical–mechanical characteristics becomes an imperative. Mineralogical, petrographical and chemical analyses provided an opportunity to identify 15 types of igneous rocks (gabbro, diabases, granites, diorites, rhyolites, andesites, and basalts), divided into plutonic and volcanic rocks. In turn, these have been grouped into acidic, neutral (intermediate) and basic magmatites. A new ranking method is proposed, based on considering the rock characteristics as indicators of quantitative assessment, and the grading system, by given points, allowing the rocks framing in admissibility classes. The paper is structured into two parts, experimental and interpretation of experimental data, showing the methodology to assess the quality of igneous rocks analyzed, and the results of theoretical and experimental research carried out on the analyzed rock types. The proposed method constitutes an appropriate instrument for assessment and verification of the requirements regarding the quality of rocks used for sustainable construction.
Highlights
IntroductionOn the Romanian territory, the natural occurrence of useful rocks is widely spread on the foreland zone and on the Carpathian structures
Since the dawn of civilization, rocks have been used for construction purposes
For qualitative assessment of igneous rocks such as granites, rhyolites, diorites, andesites, gabbro, diabases and basalts for use in the form of aggregates, coarse stone or ornamental works, the developed and applied methodology in this case is based on the principle of assessing the conformity and the level of safety considering the requirements of the standards
Summary
On the Romanian territory, the natural occurrence of useful rocks is widely spread on the foreland zone and on the Carpathian structures These rocks have multiple uses in constructions and various other civil/industrial sectors. Besides being used as raw material in buildings, roads and a variety of miscellaneous engineering works, depending on their petrographic type, these useful rocks are used for ornamental/decorative purposes [2,3,4]. Given their wide spectrum of utilizations, the interest for mapping new reserves and prospective areas of useful rocks becomes crucial. To acquire the desired construction quality of the terrestrial transportation infrastructures, a thorough understanding of the used materials and their behavior under heavy traffic and weathering factors is required
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