Abstract

Adenoviruses (Ad) are important pathogens in a variety of species. In humans, Ad are most commonly recognized in the respiratory tract and conjunctiva. However, several members of this large family of viruses can cause disease in the gastrointestinal tract, while others infect the urinary tract, liver, and central nervous system (Horwitz 1990b). In dogs, a canine Ad is a major cause of hepatitis, and the murine adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) can cause multiorgan disease in the mouse (Ishibashi and Yasue 1984). However, the Ad that infect each species are sufficiently different that they do not cross into distantly related species. For example, human Ad replicate poorly in mice or murine tissue culture. There are 49 distinct serotypes that can infect humans, but the majority of Ad disease is caused by approximately one third of this number (Schnurr and Dondero 1993; Hierholzer et al. 1988). Ad are classified into six groups (A-F) based on GC content and genetic relatedness of their DNA, oncogenicity in rodents, and ability to agglutinate red blood cells of different species (Horwitz 1990a). The organ targeted for disease is often related to serotype, such that Ad7 causes pneumonia, Ad2 upper respiratory tract disease, Ad40 and Ad41 cause diarrhea, Ad11 is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis, and Ad34 and Ad35 are often found in the urinary tract of immunosuppressed patients (Horwitz 1990b). However, the reason for tissue-specific damage in relationship to serotype is unknown.KeywordsMajor Histocompatibility ComplexTumor Necrosis Factor AlphaVaccinia VirusNewcastle Disease VirusAdenovirus TypeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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