Model reduction by mean-field homogenization in viscoelastic composites. III. Dual theory

Abstract

The mean-field homogenization scheme for viscoelastic composites proposed by Lahellec & Suquet (2013 Int. J. Plasticity 42, 1–13 ( doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2012.09.005 )) is revisited from the standpoint recently adopted in a companion paper (Idiart MI et al. 2020 Proc. R. Soc. A 20200407 ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0407 )). It is shown that the scheme generates a reduced-order approximation wherein the microscopic kinetics of the composite are described in terms of a finite set of macroscopic forces identified with the phase averages and intraphase covariances of the various microscopic force fields, which can be evaluated by mean-field homogenization techniques. The approximation exhibits a two-potential structure with a convex complementary energy density but a non-convex force potential. The consequential properties of the approximation are exposed and their implications are discussed. The exposition is supplemented by proofs of equivalence between the present scheme and other candidate schemes proposed in the literature for composites with elementary local rheologies of Maxwellian type.