Abstract
In the last few years, the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for energy management in buildings has received significant attention from the research community. MPC is becoming more and more viable because of the increase in computational power of building automation systems and the availability of a significant amount of monitored building data. MPC has found successful implementation in building thermal regulation, fully exploiting the potential of building thermal mass. Moreover, MPC has been positively applied to active energy storage systems, as well as to the optimal management of on-site renewable energy sources. MPC also opens up several opportunities for enhancing energy efficiency in the operation of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems because of its ability to consider constraints, prediction of disturbances and multiple conflicting objectives, such as indoor thermal comfort and building energy demand. Despite the application of MPC algorithms in building control has been thoroughly investigated in various works, a unified framework that fully describes and formulates the implementation is still lacking. Firstly, this work introduces a common dictionary and taxonomy that gives a common ground to all the engineering disciplines involved in building design and control. Secondly the main scope of this paper is to define the MPC formulation framework and critically discuss the outcomes of different existing MPC algorithms for building and HVAC system management. The potential benefits of the application of MPC in improving energy efficiency in buildings were highlighted.
Highlights
In the last few years, new concepts and technologies have been conceived to face the critical issue of increasing energy sustainability in buildings
The present paper focuses on the formulation of Model Predictive Control (MPC) problems for the control and thermal energy management of buildings as a whole
This survey has so far aimed at providing a clear framework and a complete overview of the applications of MPC algorithms to regulate buildings and their Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems
Summary
In the last few years, new concepts and technologies have been conceived to face the critical issue of increasing energy sustainability in buildings. The analysis of this monitored data might represent a very effective opportunity to translate the extracted knowledge into ready-to-implement energy saving and active demand strategies to enhance energy efficiency in buildings and HVAC systems Due to this fact, much effort is going to be devoted to the implementation of more sophisticated and prediction-based control techniques aimed at optimizing the energy performance of buildings. The present paper focuses on the formulation of MPC problems for the control and thermal energy management of buildings as a whole (considering the building and HVAC system dynamics). The entire review contains many schematics that allow the MPC problem to be conceptually formulated, promoting a clearer comprehension for the readers
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