Abstract
In order to assess the airspace risk of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating at low altitudes, the third-party risks of UAV urban operations were defined: the risks caused by drones to people on the ground who are not involved in operations and do not profit from operations, and the sources and objects of the risk were clarified. Taking into account the drone crash, noise, on-board camera, and ground environment factors, a UAV urban logistics risk index evaluation model was constructed. First, the UAV image regression model was used to construct a three-dimensional grid, and then a comprehensive third-party risk index model of UAV urban logistics was built based on the casualty and noise risks. Finally, the Southern District of Civil Aviation University of China was selected as an example scene, and surface data were obtained through a field investigation and instrument measurements. Then, the risk of drone operations in the airspace 30–60 m above this area was evaluated. The results showed that the third-party risk was lower when the UAV flying altitude above a building was greater. However, in other areas such as lakes, woods, roads, open spaces, a lower flight altitude had a lower risk. A comparison of the whole airspace showed that the third-party risk was the lowest when the drone operated at an altitude of 30 m. The results also showed that the third-party risk above the lake and greenery was the lowest when on the same plane, followed by the lower risk above the buildings and open squares, with the highest third-party risk above the canteen passage.
Highlights
In the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in early 2020, drones have been widely used as scientific and technological prevention and control tools
The third-party risks apply to personnel and property that are not involved in drone operations or directly gaining benefits from them [26]
In order to quantify the risk of injury and death in the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating area, referring to the risk research on manned aircraft and other UAVs, the raster UAV safety risk index is defined as the number of ground casualties caused by a UAV falling
Summary
In the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in early 2020, drones have been widely used as scientific and technological prevention and control tools Their high efficiency, convenience, “zero-touch” delivery capability, and other features give drones important advantages in supplying medicines and other supplies. An assessment of the risks from drones operating in the low-altitude airspace of cities and towns will provide effective support for reasonable low-altitude route planning, but will positively guide urban residents’ awareness of drone deliveries. It will support the important and rapid development of the UAV urban logistics industry
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