Abstract
A new model of the mid-latitude ionospheric trough is developed on the base of Intercosmos-19 and Cosmos-900 satellites data (over 1500 orbits). It is valid for the nighttime (18 to 06 MLT), winter and equinox, K p-indices from 0 to 8. It covers the topside ionosphere up to 1000 km and describes the trough minimum position Λ T depending on longitude λ, altitude h, local magnetic time MLT and K p-index. Model is presented in the analytical form, as well as a nomogram versus MLT and K p and a nighttime segment of a circle (in the polar coordinate system) with the radius depending on the K p-index. The effective K p-index taken for preceding 4.4 hours is used in the model. Agreement between the model and other data on the trough and the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval is discussed.
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