Abstract
A three-dimensional, primitive-equation model is used to study mean and tidal flows in the Strait of Gibraltar. Numerical simulation without tidal currents indicates that the flow transitions occur at Tarifa Narrows and Camarinal Sill. The surface outflow at the eastern end is a supercritical jet, whereas the bottom outflow at the western end is a subcritical gravity current. When spring tide forcing is included, the model indicates that internal tidal surges are generated over the Sill at High Water. The internal surge is a highly nonlinear feature characterized by steep wave trough, large vertical shears, and eastward propagation. The sophisticated primitive-equation model is capable of realistically simulating the time-dependent hydraulic processes in sea straits.
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