Abstract
Summary The changes in the main geomagnetic field (according to the IGRF model) and climatic parameters during the 20th century are analyzed. The space-time relationship between them is revealed, its regional and global features are highlighted. The possible mechanism of geomagnetic field influence on the Earth's climate is proposed. It begins with the modulation of cosmic rays by the geomagnetic field and the formation of ozone O3 in the lower stratosphere through ion-molecular reactions. The variations of the temperature near tropopause (through variations of O3 at this level) change the amount of water vapor in the dry part of the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere, thereby affecting on the planet's radiation balance. This influence is unevenly distributed throughout the world due to the heterogeneity of geomagnetic field control of energetic particles entering the Earth's atmosphere. The differences in this effect are shown for the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
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