Model-independent cosmological insights from three newly reconstructed deceleration parameters with observational data

Abstract

This article introduces three novel parametrizations of the deceleration parameter (DP) to explore the cosmological scenario. The newly introduced parametric forms of the DP are physically plausible and model-independent. We constrained the model parameters using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method by utilizing a combined dataset of 31 cosmic chronometers (CC) data points, 26 non-correlated baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) points, and recently updated 1701 Pantheon+ data points from supernovae type Ia (SNeIa). To explore the kinematic behavior of the model, we analyze various aspects such as the transition from deceleration to acceleration, as well as the energy conditions. The current analysis of the three parametric models reveals that the Universe is currently in an accelerated phase, which is supported by the present values of the EoS parameter and the negative SEC behavior within specific redshift ranges for all three models. Additionally, all three parametric models meet the WEC, DEC, and NEC conditions across the entire range of redshift values. We use the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) model selection criteria to compare the performance of the models. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the accelerating Universe and emphasizes the significance of adopting a model-independent approach in cosmological investigations.