Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is an overlooked danger to Southeast Asia. High-resolution disease risk maps are critical but have not been available for Southeast Asia. Georeferenced disease data and potential influencing factor data were collected through a systematic review of literatures and open-access databases, respectively. Bayesian spatial-temporal joint models were developed to analyze both point- and area-level disease data, within a logit regression in combination of potential influencing factors and spatial-temporal random effects. The model-based risk mapping identified areas of low, moderate, and high prevalence across the study region. Even though the overall population-adjusted estimated prevalence presented a trend down, a total of 12.39 million (95% Bayesian credible intervals [BCI]: 10.10-15.06) people were estimated to be infected with O. viverrini in 2018 in four major endemic countries (i.e., Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam), highlighting the public health importance of the disease in the study region. The high-resolution risk maps provide valuable information for spatial targeting of opisthorchiasis control interventions.
Highlights
End of the epidemics of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by 2030 embodied in the international set of targets for the sustainable development goals (SDGs) endorsed by the United Nations empowers the efforts made by developing countries to combat the NTD epidemics (UN, 2015)
20 diseases have been listed as NTDs, and opisthorchiasis is under the umbrella of food-borne trematodiasis (Ogorodova et al, 2015)
Two species of opisthorchiasis are of public health significance, that is, Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus), endemic in eastern Europe and Russia, and Opithorchis viverrini (O. viverrini), endemic in Southeast Asian countries (Petney et al, 2013)
Summary
End of the epidemics of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by 2030 embodied in the international set of targets for the sustainable development goals (SDGs) endorsed by the United Nations empowers the efforts made by developing countries to combat the NTD epidemics (UN, 2015). 20 diseases have been listed as NTDs, and opisthorchiasis is under the umbrella of food-borne trematodiasis (Ogorodova et al, 2015). Two species of opisthorchiasis are of public health significance, that is, Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus), endemic in eastern Europe and Russia, and Opithorchis viverrini (O. viverrini), endemic in Southeast Asian countries (Petney et al, 2013). The later species is of our interest in the current article
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