Abstract
The article presents a method for optimizing driving strategies aimed at minimizing energy consumption while driving. The method was developed for the needs of an electric powered racing vehicle built for the purposes of the Shell Eco-marathon (SEM), the most famous and largest race of energy efficient vehicles. Model-based optimization was used to determine the driving strategy. The numerical model was elaborated in Simulink environment, which includes both the electric vehicle model and the environment, i.e., the race track as well as the vehicle environment and the atmospheric conditions. The vehicle model itself includes vehicle dynamic model, numerical model describing issues concerning resistance of rolling tire, resistance of the propulsion system, aerodynamic phenomena, model of the electric motor, and control system. For the purpose of identifying design and functional features of individual subassemblies and components, numerical and stand tests were carried out. The model itself was tested on the research tracks to tune the model and determine the calculation parameters. The evolutionary algorithms, which are available in the MATLAB Global Optimization Toolbox, were used for optimization. In the race conditions, the model was verified during SEM races in Rotterdam where the race vehicle scored the result consistent with the results of simulation calculations. In the following years, the experience gathered by the team gave us the vice Championship in the SEM 2016 in London.
Highlights
The issue of energy saving in road transport is getting more and more important
Reduction of energy consumption together with the development of new energy sources of greater capacity is seen as a method of overcoming the main limitation of electric vehicles which is range
The research and analysis of mechanical systems, technological processes, and other phenomena in real world are possible thanks to the use of proper mathematical apparatus which is based on previously assumed mathematical models of these processes [2]
Summary
The issue of energy saving in road transport is getting more and more important. It is especially significant in the context of electric drives in vehicles becoming widespread. The first one includes design changes which result in lower energy consumption whereas the latter one introduces new strategies of driving and drive steering, which allows minimalizing the energy consumption on a given route By means of this method, it is possible to reduce considerably the energy consumption in vehicles and in particular in electric vehicles. It shows the potential of the design solutions and the strategy of driving In both categories numerical simulation vehicle models are used, which allow determining the direction of designing changes as well as planning the proper strategy of driving. These models are used for optimization based on Model-Based Optimization methodology (MBO). By means of mathematical model, one should understand mathematical description of an object, process, or phenomenon which it represents
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