Mode Transition Induced by Gas Heating Along the Discharge Channel in Capacitively Coupled Atmospheric Pressure Micro Plasma Jets

Abstract

The effects of neutral gas heating along the direction of the gas flow inside the discharge channel of a parallel plate micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet, the COST-jet, on the spatio-temporal dynamics of energetic electrons are investigated by experiments and simulations. The plasma source is driven by a single frequency sinusoidal voltage waveform at 13.56 MHz in helium with an admixture (0.05–0.2%) of nitrogen. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements are applied to determine the spatio-temporally resolved electron impact excitation dynamics from the ground state into the He I (3s)3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^3$$\\end{document}S1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_1$$\\end{document} state and the rotational temperature of nitrogen molecules at different positions along the direction of the gas flow inside the 30 mm long discharge channel. The gas temperature, which is assumed to be equal to the N2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_2$$\\end{document} rotational temperature, is found to increase along the discharge channel. This effect is attenuated as the nitrogen concentration is increased in the gas mixture, leading to an eventually constant temperature profile. The experimental data also reveal a plasma operating mode transition along the discharge channel from the Ω\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Omega$$\\end{document}- to the Penning-mode and show good agreement with the results of 1d3v kinetic simulations, which spatially resolve the inter-electrode space and use the gas temperature as an input value. The simulations demonstrate that the increase of the gas temperature leads to the observed mode transition. The results suggest the possibility of using the nitrogen admixture and the feed gas temperature as additional control parameters, (i) to tailor the plasma operating mode along the direction of the gas flow so that the production of specific radicals is optimized; and (ii) to control the final gas temperature of the effluent. The latter could be particularly interesting for biological applications, where the upper gas temperature limit is dictated by the rather low thermal damage threshold of the treated material.