Abstract
Bioprostheses made of bovine pericardium became popular as cardiac valve substitutes mainly because they had superior hemodynamic performance compared with porcine bioprostheses. 1,2 However, after a period of initial enthusiasm, reports showed that some of these devices are not free of complications. 3–7 We 8 have observed similar results at medium-term follow-up in patients with the Hancock pericardial xenograft. We now describe the pathologic substrates of failure of such devices.
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