Mode of delivery is associated with different hematological profiles in the newborn calf

Abstract

Several studies on babies have shown that the type of delivery can influence the hematological and immune status of the newborn. In bovine medicine, some authors reported the hematological pattern of the newborn calf, but never related it with the calving process or other perinatal factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hematological profile in newborn calves in relation to the type of delivery. A total of 41 healthy calves were enrolled; 16 Friesian calves which were born by vaginal delivery without assistance (VD), and 25 Belgian Blue calves that were born by elective Caesarean section (CS). As soon as the calves were born, a complete clinical examination was performed to verify viability and maturity. At 10 min after birth, 2 mL venous blood was collected to perform the blood gas and acid-base evaluation. Blood samples were subsequently collected from the jugular vein within 30 min after birth, and at 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days of age. An automatic analyzer was used to determine hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), and red and white blood cell counts, while differential leukocyte count was performed microscopically. Statistical analysis was applied to assess differences between the groups and within the group for all parameters between each sampling time (P ≤ 0.05). All the calves were born alive, viable, and mature. There were no acidotic calves, but statistical analysis revealed many differences, as higher pH, base excess (BE) (P ≤ 0.05), PO2 (P < 0.001), and sO2 (P < 0.0001) in the VD group. Levels of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red blood cell number were constantly higher in CS calves (P < 0.001). In comparison with the VD calves, white blood cell and neutrophil absolute number were higher at birth and at 14 days of age in the CS group (P < 0.001 and P ≤ 0.05). The mode of delivery, therefore, seems to have an influence on the oxygenation levels and on the hematological and nonspecific immunity profile of the newborn calf.