Abstract
Sound speed profiles in shallow water waveguides are small deviations from isospeed and often decrease monotonically with depth. Approximation formulas for the propagating modes are found using a modified form of the classical WKBJ method. The ocean bottom is taken as homogeneous. The approach is accurate for modes with phase speeds greater than, and even slightly less than, the maximum water sound speed. The validity and accuracy of the approximations over frequency and mode number are illustrated using benchmark numerical calculations. Comparisons with approximations from other methods, including previous WKBJ approaches, are described. The formulas here are typically more compact and convenient. The results demonstrate how changes in parameters, such as frequency, bottom sound speed, and water sound speed profile quantitatively affect the mode functions. Applications for representative waveguide profiles are provided. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
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