Abstract
Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, face several obstacles, including curtailment, where the generated energy exceeds local demand and production must be reduced because of limited transmission capacity. Simultaneously, consumer demand for large-capacity batteries is expanding given the recent rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs. A battery-charging mode, in which discharged batteries are transported from battery exchange stations in high-load areas to wind farms, is proposed to alleviate curtailment. In this study, batteries store otherwise curtailed energy and smooth the wind power output simultaneously. The structure of the battery-charging device is discussed, and the concept of a battery-charging container is proposed. The control principle of the battery-charging management unit is presented with a simulation model constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. A case study is simulated, and the feasibility of the mode is analyzed considering the levelized cost and energy losses. Simulation results show that this mode is a feasible solution to alleviating wind curtailment and providing fresh impetus for developing EV battery exchanges.
Highlights
Excessive fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions are increasingly becoming serious issues worldwide
The imbalance leading to the limited capacity of the transmission line is inadequate for supporting a substantial delivery of excess wind power because the growth rate of the installed capacity of wind power is far more than the construction speed of a supporting transmission line in a power system
The transmission cost of the proposed mode is calculated by using the levelized cost, which is compared with the residential electricity price in China and the United States based on the transmission and distribution mode (T&D mode), to analyze the future economic benefits of the mode
Summary
Excessive fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions are increasingly becoming serious issues worldwide. Reference [11] proposed to effectively handle the prediction of wind power error using the energy storage battery, which built a ‘‘source-grid coordination’’ method using energy storage devices to reduce both wind power dispatching risk and wind curtailment; these researchers evaluated the feasibility of improving acceptable wind power system scale for the proposed scheme in different probability intervals This method is only used for the wind curtailment phenomenon caused by wind speed forecast error, and is not applicable to the situation caused by insufficient capacity of the transmission line. Given the limited capacity of transmission lines and current situation of wind curtailment, this paper proposes a new battery-charging mode to solve problems on the power-generation and consumer sides simultaneously.
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