Abstract
El presente trabajo recupera algunos debates respecto a las modalidades de acceso al suelo urbano y a la vivienda por parte de sectores medios y bajos en las ciudades latinoamericanas (Abramo, 2003), situando dicho debate a la luz del proceso protagonizado por una organización social en la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy: la Organización Barrial Tupac Amaru (OBTA). Se trata de una organización que construyó barrios de viviendas sociales en diferentes localidades de la provincia y, especialmente, en la ciudad capital de San Salvador de Jujuy, transformándose en un actor económico, político y social de considerable peso, que se articuló de manera particular con el Estado y sus políticas habitacionales. En primer lugar, se reconstruirá brevemente el contexto socioeconómico del período denominado de la posconvertibilidad en Argentina y se caracterizará el rol del Estado, especialmente en lo atinente a las políticas habitacionales durante dicho período, teniendo presente en ambos ejes las particularidades del contexto subnacional de Jujuy. En segundo lugar, se presentará a la organización bajo estudio, prestándole atención a las disputas que protagonizaron a la hora de poner bajo un signo de interrogación el modelo de ciudad imperante en Jujuy, a través del proceso de producción de hábitat popular. Por último, se presentarán los resultados que, bajo la clave de lectura elegida, permiten repensar las modalidades populares de producción de las ciudades, organizadas de manera mixta entre el Estado y las organizaciones sociales y políticas, en contextos de redefinición del rol estatal.
Highlights
Extended Abstract This work recovers some appreciations regarding the modalities of access to urban land and housing by middle and lower sectors in Latin American cities
Modalidades mixtas de producción de hábitat por parte de sectores populares... 413 (Abramo, 2003), placing this debate in the light of the process carried out by a social organization in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy: the Organizaicón Barrial Tupac Amaru (OBTA). This is an organization that built neighborhoods of social housing in different localities of the province and, especially, in the provincial capital of San Salvador de Jujuy, transforming itself into an economic, political, and social actor of considerable weight, which was articulated in a particular way with the State and its housing policies, creating a mixed modality between the logic of necessity and the logic of the State to achieve access to urban land by the popular sectors of Jujuy
The transformation of the discourse and the logic of operation of that same organization will be analyzed, after the change of administration. On these references is based the analysis of the particularities that the modality of construction of popular habitat assumed in the analyzed case, recovering the logics discriminated by Abramo, highlighting the significance of the logic of necessity and the logic of the State to articulate access to urban land and housing, which allow us to rethink the popular modes of production of cities, organized in a mixed manner between the State and social and political organizations, in contexts of redefinition of the state role and political tension scale according to their jurisdictions
Summary
The actions and omissions of the provincial government in Jujuy, carried out fundamentally during neoliberalism, by not articulating public policies to address the needs of the most vulnerable and unprotected sectors before the labor and real estate market, paved the way for the deterritorialization of the popular sectors of the land urban area of San Salvador de Jujuy, whose most evident symptom is the housing deficit Before this scenario, the practices of territorialization of the Tupac under the form of construction of residential neighborhoods planned and inhabited by the organization supposes on the one hand its conformation as a socioterritorial movement and, on the other, a tension relation with the provincial State and of coordination and dependence of the national State. This combines, in a paradoxical way, a urbanization process that is at the same time informal and formal, which allows us to conclude that the way of construction of popular habitat that was carried out in this corner of our country supposed a mixed combination of the logic of necessity and the logic of the state, pending analyses that allow comparing similar processes in other locations that help to understand differential ways of building cities in Latin America, enabling reflections on more equitable forms, not exempt of difficulties and contradictions, that guarantee access to cities as a social right
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