Abstract

Multimode fibers (MMFs) support abundant spatial modes and involve rich spatiotemporal dynamics, yielding many promising applications. Here, we investigate the influences of the number and initial energy of high-order modes (HOMs) on the energy flow from the intermediate modes (IMs) to the fundamental mode (FM) and HOMs. It is quite surprising that random distribution of high-order modes evolves to a stationary one, indicating the asymptotic behavior of orbits in the same attraction domain. By employing the Lyapunov exponent, we prove that the threshold of the HOMs-attractor is consistent with the transition point of the energy flow which indicates the HOMs-attracotr acts as a "valve" in the modal energy flow. Our results provide a new perspective to explore the nonlinear phenomena in MMFs, such as Kerr self-cleaning, and may pave the way to some potential applications, such as secure communications in MMFs.

Highlights

  • Multimode fibers (MMFs) support abundant spatial modes and involve rich spatiotemporal dynamics, yielding many promising applications

  • Podivilov et al showed that in the process of the mode energy transmission, the energy of the intermediate modes (IMs) flows into the fundamental mode (FM) and high-order modes (HOMs), which is analogous to the hydrodynamic 2D turbulence [21] and contains rich physical phenomena

  • The energy flow exhibits an attractor of the HOMs: random mode-energy distribution of HOMs evolves to the stationary one, and such stationary distribution of the HOMs depends on the initial energy distribution of the FM and IMs

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Summary

Introduction

Multimode fibers (MMFs) support abundant spatial modes and involve rich spatiotemporal dynamics, yielding many promising applications.

Results
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