Abstract
Multimode fibers (MMFs) support abundant spatial modes and involve rich spatiotemporal dynamics, yielding many promising applications. Here, we investigate the influences of the number and initial energy of high-order modes (HOMs) on the energy flow from the intermediate modes (IMs) to the fundamental mode (FM) and HOMs. It is quite surprising that random distribution of high-order modes evolves to a stationary one, indicating the asymptotic behavior of orbits in the same attraction domain. By employing the Lyapunov exponent, we prove that the threshold of the HOMs-attractor is consistent with the transition point of the energy flow which indicates the HOMs-attracotr acts as a "valve" in the modal energy flow. Our results provide a new perspective to explore the nonlinear phenomena in MMFs, such as Kerr self-cleaning, and may pave the way to some potential applications, such as secure communications in MMFs.
Highlights
Multimode fibers (MMFs) support abundant spatial modes and involve rich spatiotemporal dynamics, yielding many promising applications
Podivilov et al showed that in the process of the mode energy transmission, the energy of the intermediate modes (IMs) flows into the fundamental mode (FM) and high-order modes (HOMs), which is analogous to the hydrodynamic 2D turbulence [21] and contains rich physical phenomena
The energy flow exhibits an attractor of the HOMs: random mode-energy distribution of HOMs evolves to the stationary one, and such stationary distribution of the HOMs depends on the initial energy distribution of the FM and IMs
Summary
Multimode fibers (MMFs) support abundant spatial modes and involve rich spatiotemporal dynamics, yielding many promising applications.
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