Abstract
Two-dimensional transmission line (TL) grids have been shown to demonstrate interesting behaviors, such as effective negative refractive index and growing of evanescent waves. The analytical treatment of periodic TL-grid structures in the literature predicts a closed bandgap dispersion relation and 2 eigenmodes for a symmetric unperturbed TL-grid unit cell. In this paper, it is shown that unloaded 2D TL-grids inherently exhibit an open bandgap in the dispersion relation and the TL-grid has to be perturbed for successful closure of the bandgap. Furthermore, it is shown that there is a flat (deaf) band in the dispersion relation which is regarded as an additional 3rd eigenmode. Finally, based on this analysis, a 2D single-point fed TL-grid Dirac leaky-wave antenna (DLWA) design is fabricated. Experimental results show true broadside radiation, which is a proper indication of the successful closure of the bandgap in the dispersion relation.
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