Modafinil Improves Functional Outcomes in Patients with Residual Excessive Sleepiness Associated with CPAP Treatment

Abstract

The objective of this secondary analysis was to examine the effects of modafinil on the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and residual excessive sleepiness with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use. We also explored the association of improvement of functional status with the presenting level of subjective sleepiness. Data were pooled from 2 randomized placebo-controlled studies (4-week and 12-week interventions) of modafinil in patients with residual sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > or =10 on CPAP). The analysis included 480 patients (FOSQ efficacy data n=442 patients), 292 in the modafinil group and 188 in the placebo group. The mean age (SD) of the analyzed sample was 49.7 (9.2) years; 76% were men. Following administration with modafinil, there were greater improvements from baseline in the Total score (p < 0.0001) as well as 4 of the 5 domains (p < 0.05), compared with placebo. A greater proportion of patients who received modafinil were considered responders, compared with patients who received placebo (45% vs. 25%; p < 0.001). Responder analysis based on the individual FOSQ domain items demonstrated that 18 of the 30 FOSQ items increased by at least 1 point for significantly more patients who received modafinil (p < 0.05). Improvements in functional status were not found to depend on patients' degree of subjective sleepiness at baseline. In this secondary analysis of data from patients with OSA and excessive sleepiness despite CPAP use, modafinil was associated with improvements in patients' functional outcomes and their ability to engage in a broad array of everyday activities.