Abstract
Expanding population coverage is an inherently political process that has often been overlooked in the study of welfare state development. This paper examines the politics of expanding welfare coverage, focusing on developing countries in the postwar period. Through comparative case studies of welfare reform in Brazil, China, and India, two political variables are identified as important: economic development strategies and the mobilization of labor. Labor often plays a contradictory role in welfare reform, supporting the adoption of new programs, but opposing the expansion of coverage. Orthodox macroeconomic policies and the preferential incorporation of labor both contribute to the development of narrow welfare states with limited population coverage.
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