Mobilization of phosphorus from iron ore by the bacterium Burkholderia caribensis FeGL03

Abstract

The bacterium Burkholderia caribensis FeGL03, isolated from a Brazilian high-phosphorus iron ore, was used to mobilize the phosphate contained in the same ore. The phosphate-mobilizing ability of the organism was tested in shake-flask cultures containing sterilized crushed iron ore in a chemically-defined liquid culture medium containing glucose (1 g/l) as carbon source and no phosphorus source except the ore itself. Phosphate removal from the ore was determined by measuring the residual phosphate contained in the ore after the bacterial treatment. The time course of the phosphate mobilization process was determined with two different particle sizes (2.0 mm and 0.2 mm mean size) of the crushed ore under conditions of unlimited and limited air exchange. Between 5% and 20% of the phosphorus originally contained in the ore was mobilized in 21 days of treatment. Other variables such as dissolved Fe, pH and cell counts were also monitored throughout the trials. It was also found that this bacterium accumulated gluconic acid in the spent broth. Scanning electron microscopy, revealed biofilms on the ore surface as a result of the production of exopolymeric substances (EPS). Extraction of the EPS from the cultures and its analysis by Fourier transform infrared techniques revealed the presence of molecular functionalities capable of interacting with the ore surface and with the iron dissolved in the medium. It was found that dense biofilms, formed under limited air exchange, resulted in lower phosphate mobilization from the ore than under unlimited air exchange. This was found to be a consequence of a dynamic process of iron and phosphate re-precipitation within the formed biofilms.