Abstract
In this paper we examined whether stem cells and factors responsible for their movement may serve as new biological markers of anxiety disorders. The study was carried out on a group of 30 patients diagnosed with panic disorder (examined before and after treatment), compared to 30 healthy individuals forming the control group. We examined the number of circulating HSCs (hematopoetic stem cells) (Lin−/CD45 +/CD34 +) and HSCs (Lin−/CD45 +/AC133 +), the number of circulating VSELs (very small embryonic-like stem cells) (Lin−/CD45−/CD34 +) and VSELs (Lin−/CD45−/AC133 +), as well as the concentration of complement components: C3a, C5a and C5b-9, SDF-1 (stromal derived factor) and S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate). Significantly lower levels of HSCs (Lin−/CD45 +/AC133 +) have been demonstrated in the patient group compared to the control group both before and after treatment. The level of VSELs (Lin−/CD45−/CD133 +) was significantly lower in the patient group before treatment as compared to the patient group after treatment.The levels of factors responsible for stem cell movement were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group before and after treatment. It was concluded that the study of stem cells and factors associated with their movement can be useful in the diagnostics of panic disorder, as well as differentiating between psychotic and anxiety disorders.
Highlights
According to the current version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD10), panic disorder may be diagnosed in a situation of occurrence of a few severe anxiety attacks with concurrent autonomic symptoms within the period of one month
Reports on the importance of regenerative processes in the etiology of anxiety disorders are extremely scarce, and it is worth pointing out that increased levels of stem cells are found in the peripheral blood in different models of major illnesses or deficits related to a significant level of stress
VSELs are pluripotent stem cells with the phenotype of CXCR4 +, AC133 +, CD34 +, SSEA-1 +, SSEA4 +, AP +, c-Met+, LIF-R +, CD45, Lin, HLADR, MHC I −, CD90, CD29, CD105, we isolate them from the bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood
Summary
According to the current version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD10), panic disorder may be diagnosed in a situation of occurrence of a few severe anxiety attacks with concurrent autonomic symptoms within the period of one month. Reports on the importance of regenerative processes in the etiology of anxiety disorders are extremely scarce, and it is worth pointing out that increased levels of stem cells are found in the peripheral blood in different models of major illnesses or deficits related to a significant level of stress (myocardial infarction, burns, inflammatory bowel disease, stroke). VSELs are pluripotent stem cells with the phenotype of CXCR4 +, AC133 +, CD34 +, SSEA-1 + (mouse), SSEA4 + (human), AP +, c-Met+, LIF-R +, CD45-, Lin-, HLADR-, MHC I −, CD90-, CD29-, CD105-, we isolate them from the bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood [26] They are found in the bone marrow, as a result of migration in the early stages of the ontogenetic development, and are deposited in the mature bodies, including the brain [29,30,31,32]. Based on the above information and the fact that reports on the role of stem cells in mental disorders are sparse, we decided to see if the stress present in panic disorder significantly affects the mobilization of stem cells and the plasma concentration of factors responsible for their movement
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