Abstract
Efficient traffic load balancing algorithm is very important to serve more mobile users in the cellular networks. This paper is based on mobility load balancing handoff algorithm using fuzzy logic. The rank of the serving and the neighboring Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) are calculated every half second with the help of measurement report from the two-ray propagation model. This algorithm is able to balance load of the BTS by handing off some ongoing calls on BTS’s edge of highly loaded BTS to move to overlapping underloaded BTS, such that the coverage area of loaded BTS virtually shrunk towards BTS center of a loaded sector. In case of low load scenarios, the coverage area of a BTS is presumed to be virtually widened to cover up to the partial serving area of neighboring BTS. This helps a highly loaded neighboring BTS or failed BTS due to power or transmission. Simulation shows that new call blocking and handoff blocking using the proposed algorithm are enhanced notably.
Highlights
Load balancing is a mechanism whereby overloaded Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) distribute some of their traffic to less loaded neighbors in order to make the radio resource more efficient [1].Telecommunication infrastructures originally designed to carry a defined amount of traffic are often congested by an overwhelming request of resources
Fuzzy inferences gather the input values of received signal strength (RSS) and pathloss and SNR are collected from the propagation model and the load of the BTS from BTS Controller (BSC) and evaluate them according to the fuzzy interference rules base
Mobility related parameters are gathered from the wireless environments using propagation models and fed into the fuzzy system along with the traffic load of the BTS [15]
Summary
Load balancing is a mechanism whereby overloaded BTSs distribute some of their traffic to less loaded neighbors in order to make the radio resource more efficient [1]. When selecting the optimum tilt angle, the goal is to have as high signal strength as possible in the area where the BTS should be serving traffic [4]. By adjusting the handoff regions between neighboring BTSs, it is possible to cause cell edge users in overloaded BTS to migrate to less loaded neighboring BTS Such an approach is referred to as mobility load balancing, thereby increasing the efficiency of resource utilization [9]. Many metrics have been used to support handoff decisions, including received signal strength (RSS), signal to noise ratio (SIR), power budget, and distance between the mobile station and BTS, traffic load, and mobile velocity, among others. Fuzzy logic can adapt to these decisions as it can overcome radio environment uncertainty and fluctuations and can deal with heterogeneous intersystem parameters (shadowing effect, traffic variations, etc.) [11]
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