Abstract
The emergence of the Internet of Things and the proliferation of mobile wireless devices has brought the area of mobile cognitive radio sensor networks (MCRSN) to the research spot light. Notwithstanding the potentials of CRSNs in terms of opportunistic channel usage for bursty traffic, the effect of the mobility of resource-constrained nodes to route stability, mobility-induced spatio-temporal spectral opportunities and primary user (PU) protection still remain open issues that need to be jointly addressed. To this effect, this paper proposes a mobile reliable geographical forwarding routing (MROR) protocol. MROR provides a robust mobile framework for geographical forwarding that is based on a mobility-induced channel availability model. It presents a comprehensive routing strategy that considers PU activity (to take care of routes that have to be built through PU coverage), PU signal protection (by the introduction of a mobility-induced guard (mguard) distance) and the random mobility-induced spatio-temporal spectrum opportunities (for enhancement of throughput). It also addresses the issue of frequent route maintenance that arises when speeds of the mobile nodes are considered as a routing metric. As a result, simulation has shown the ability of MROR to reduce the route failure rate by about 65% as against other schemes. In addition, further results show that MROR can improve both the throughput and goodput at the sink in an energy-efficient manner that is required in CRSNs as against compared works.
Highlights
The wide proliferation of mobile wireless devices and applications is introducing new research challenges in cognitive radio networks
This paper presented the mobile reliable geographical forwarding routing (MROR) routing protocol, which addresses the issues of route stability and the spatio-temporal spectrum availability metric in mobile cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs)
It was established that typical routes for CRSNs must not always be built away from the primary user (PU) coverage area, as a target area of interest might lie within a PU coverage area
Summary
The wide proliferation of mobile wireless devices and applications is introducing new research challenges in cognitive radio networks. (ii) the scheme provides a framework for boosting throughput in MCRSNs, by compensating the degradation in the sensitivity of energy detection by the spatial-temporal diversity of the mobile nodes; (iii) in order to ensure primary user (PU) signal protection, the scheme introduces the use of a mobility-induced guard (mguard) distance, which is jointly considered with the random mobility, induced spatio-temporal spectrum opportunities and the PU activity (to take care of routes that have to be built through PU coverage)
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