Mobility-as-a-Service as a transport demand management tool: A case study among employees in the Netherlands

Abstract

This paper examines the potential role of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) as a transport demand management (TDM) tool to influence commuting mode choice. A stated choice experiment was conducted among employees in the Netherlands to capture the effect of integrating TDM measures with MaaS on mode choice behavior. We found that the train and car-sharing attributes’ variations are influential factors on employees’ mode choice behavior. Moreover, the mobility package price played a significant role in mode choice even though most employees in the Netherlands receive a full or partial travel allowance from their employers. Similarly, the increase in parking tariffs was an influential measure for car users who used street/garage parking spaces. However, the effects were not equal for all respondents. Young, low-income and multi-modal commuters are more susceptible to travel behavior changes than old, high-income, and car-dependent employees. In conclusion, MaaS could be seen as a promising element in TDM strategies combining carrots (enablers) and sticks (deterrents), albeit for specific groups users.