Mobilisation of survivability capital – family firm response to the coronavirus crisis

Beata Agnieszka Żukowska,Olga Anna Martyniuk,Robert Zajkowski

doi:10.1108/ijebr-02-2021-0147

Abstract

PurposeSurvivability capital is a unique resource resulting from the “familiness” constituting an inherent feature of family firms. Familiness represents the ability of family members to reinforce the financial and non-financial resources of businesses facing threats to their economic existence. This work proposes and examines various dimensions of the survivability capital construct, verifying whether family firms expecting deterioration of their economic situation or problems with survival due to the COVID-19 crisis can mobilise sufficient capital to survive.Design/methodology/approachThis article provides empirical evidence based on a cross-sectional online survey of 167 Polish family firms, conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The method (scale) of survivability capital measurement was elaborated and validated using principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Next, the mobilisation of the different dimensions of survivability capital was examined using PLS-SEM modelling.FindingsThe survivability capital of family firms is composed of two dimensions: internal (based on directly involved family members) and external (based on not directly involved family members). Family firms facing crisis-induced deterioration of the economic situation engage its internal component. Subsequently, family firms forecasting decreasing probability of survival during a crisis try to engage both the internal and the external components of survivability capital. Such behaviour is in line with the resource-based view as well as with the sustainable family business theory.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine analytically the survivability capital construct. While previous studies mentioned the existence of survivability capital, this study attempts to introduce its various dimensions and test the mobilisation of survivability capital during the COVID-19 crisis.

Highlights

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected family businesses twofold: as a biomedical threat to the family system and as an enterprise threat to the business system. De Massis and Rondi (2020) argue that the pandemic, with its social and economic consequences, poses significant challenges for family firms
The question is whether family firm owners will preserve their private wealth or rather activate private resources, called survivability capital, to support firms that are struggling as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath
This study focuses on survivability capital, which is defined by Sirmon and Hitt (2003) as “the personal resources that family members are willing to loan, contribute or share for the benefit of the family business” (p. 343)

Summary

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected family businesses twofold: as a biomedical threat to the family system and as an enterprise threat to the business system. De Massis and Rondi (2020) argue that the pandemic, with its social and economic consequences, poses significant challenges for family firms. De Massis and Rondi (2020) argue that the pandemic, with its social and economic consequences, poses significant challenges for family firms. Crises may emerge in the private context as well as in the entrepreneurial sphere. The survival and success of family firms depend on care for both the capital business and the family members (Danes et al, 2016; Haynes et al, 2019). The question is whether family firm owners will preserve their private wealth or rather activate private resources, called survivability capital, to support firms that are struggling as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion