Abstract
A medical- service platform is a mobile application through which patients are provided with doctor’s diagnoses based on information gleaned from medical images. The content of these diagnostic results must not be illegitimately altered during transmission and must be returned to the correct patient. In this paper, we present a solution to these problems using blind, reversible, and fragile watermarking based on authentication of the host image. In our proposed algorithm, the binary version of the Bose_Chaudhuri_Hocquengham (BCH) code for patient medical report (PMR) and binary patient medical image (PMI) after fuzzy exclusive or (F-XoR) are used to produce the patient's unique mark using secret sharing schema (SSS). The patient’s unique mark is used later as a watermark to be embedded into host PMI using blind watermarking-based singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm. This is a new solution that we also proposed to applying SVD into a blind watermarking image. Our algorithm preserves PMI content authentication during the transmission and PMR ownership to the patient for subsequently transmitting associated diagnosis to the correct patient via a mobile telemedicine application. The performance of experimental results is high compare to previous results, uses recovered watermarks demonstrating promising results in the tamper detection metrics and self-recovery capability, with 30db PSNR, NC value is 0.99.
Highlights
Telemedicine using mobile devices offers ease of access to medical services as patients may obtain a diagnosis from medical staff sooner in the form of a Patient Medical Report (PMR) transmitted through a mobile network
Work A watermarking algorithm is applied to mobile telemedicine with tamper detection and recovery capabilities
Our algorithm recovers the original patient medical image (PMI) and proves the ownership of patients
Summary
Telemedicine using mobile devices offers ease of access to medical services as patients may obtain a diagnosis from medical staff sooner in the form of a Patient Medical Report (PMR) transmitted through a mobile network. The watermarking technique is a solution to these problems In this situation, PMR is embedded in PMI through a watermark resulting in much less bandwidth memory as normally required for transmission (1, 2, 3). The watermark information (PMR and the binary version of PMI) is a binary format to be embedded into the pixel values of the PMI. This information is retrieved for medical image content authentication or patient integrity (8). The watermark information, in the spatial domain, is directly embedded into PMI pixels value, while in the transform domain it is embedded into the transform version of PMI. Spatial methods are sensitive to noise, fast Fourier Transform, and lossy compression attacks
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