Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes critical conditions for achieving net benefit from opening the value-chain in mobile communications by introducing mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) in the Scandinavian and British markets. MVNOs are radio-less network operators that outsource the radio part and some other network elements to radio-based mobile network operators. The conclusion is that MVNOs offering complex bundles of innovative value-added services will probably not be competitively sustainable as separate firms, only as more tightly integrated partners of radio-based mobile network operators.
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