Abstract
Mobile phone technology has led to implementation of portable and inexpensive microscopes. Light-emitting diode (LED) array microscopes support various multicontrast imaging by flexible illumination patterns of the LED array that can be achieved without changing the optical components of the microscope. Here, we demonstrate a mobile-phone-based LED array microscope to realize multimodal imaging with bright-field, dark-field, differential phase-contrast, and Rheinberg illuminations using as few as 37 LED bulbs. Using this microscope, we obtained high-contrast images of living cells. Furthermore, by changing the color combinations of Rheinberg illumination, we were able to obtain images of living chromatic structures with enhanced or diminished contrast. This technique is expected to be a foundation for high-contrast microscopy used in modern field studies.
Highlights
Molecular biology studies in the field have become active to elucidate the responses of organisms to fluctuating natural environments at molecular and cellular levels.[1,2] For such field studies and onsite monitoring, compact and cost-effective microscopes are necessary to understand the presampling conditions of living cells, tissues, and organisms at the sites where they grow naturally
Dual-mode optical microscopy using a mobile phone has been reported for acquisition of bright-field and dark-field images with the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of a mobile phone and ambient light.[10]
As described in this paper, we demonstrate a mobile-phonebased microscope to realize multicontrast imaging with brightfield, dark-field, differential phase-contrast (DPC), and Rheinberg illuminations with as few as 37 LED bulbs
Summary
Molecular biology studies in the field have become active to elucidate the responses of organisms to fluctuating natural environments at molecular and cellular levels.[1,2] For such field studies and onsite monitoring, compact and cost-effective microscopes are necessary to understand the presampling conditions of living cells, tissues, and organisms at the sites where they grow naturally To this end, mobile phone technology leads to implementation of portable and inexpensive microscopes with ease of operation.[3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Most mobile-phone-based optical microscopes are useful to observe bright-field images or fluorescence images. Rheinberg illumination microscopy enables simultaneous acquisition of bright-field and dark-field images by two-color illumination and is originally used for visual enhancement of the contrast between a dark-field image and a bright-field image because the bright-
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