Abstract

BackgroundImprovements in parenting practices can positively mediate the outcomes of treatment for adolescent substance use disorder. Given the high rates of release among adolescents (ie, 60% within three months and 85% within one year), there is a critical need for interventions focused on helping parents achieve and maintain effective parenting practices posttreatment. Yet, research suggests that engaging parents in aftercare services is difficult, partly due to systemic-structural and personal barriers. One way to increase parent use of aftercare services may be to offer mobile health interventions, given the potential for wide availability and on-demand access. However, it remains unclear whether mobile phone–based aftercare support for caregivers of substance-using teens is feasible or desired. Therefore, formative work in this area is needed.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of mobile phone–based aftercare support in a population of caregivers with teens in treatment for substance use.MethodsUpon enrollment in a treatment program, 103 caregivers completed a mobile phone use survey, providing information about mobile phone ownership, access, and use. Caregivers also provided a response to items assessing desire for aftercare services, in general; desire for mobile phone–based aftercare services specifically; and desire for parenting specific content as part of aftercare services. Research assistants also monitored clinic calls made to caregivers’ mobile phones to provide an objective measure of the reliability of phone service.ResultsMost participants were mothers (76.7%) and self-identified as Hispanic (73.8%). The average age was 42.60 (SD 9.28) years. A total of 94% of caregivers owned a mobile phone. Most had pay-as-you-go phone service (67%), and objective data suggest this did not impede accessibility. Older caregivers more frequently had a yearly mobile contract. Further, older caregivers and caregivers of adolescent girls had fewer disconnections. Bilingual caregivers used text messaging less often; however, caregivers of adolescent girls used text messaging more often. Although 72% of caregivers reported that aftercare was needed, 91% of caregivers endorsed a desire for mobile phone–based aftercare support in parenting areas that are targets of evidence-based treatments.ConclusionsThe results suggest that mobile phones are feasible and desired to deliver treatments that provide support to caregivers of teens discharged from substance use treatment. Consideration should be given to the age of caregivers when designing these programs. Additional research is needed to better understand mobile phone use patterns based on a child’s gender and among bilingual caregivers.

Highlights

  • Adolescent substance use is a major public health concern in the United States

  • 72% of caregivers reported that aftercare was needed, 91% of caregivers endorsed a desire for mobile phone–based aftercare support in parenting areas that are targets of evidence-based treatments

  • The results suggest that mobile phones are feasible and desired to deliver treatments that provide support to caregivers of teens discharged from substance use treatment

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Summary

Introduction

Adolescent substance use is a major public health concern in the United States. The high rates of substance use coupled with significant unmet treatment needs and the alarming rates of recurrence of use are concerning. Improvement in parenting practices can positively mediate the outcomes of outpatient treatment for adolescent substance use disorder [4,5], and these findings extend to the aftercare period. Research suggests that evidence-based treatments for adolescent substance use are successful at improving parenting practices and that changes in monitoring and positive parenting behaviors mediate relations between treatment and adolescent substance use outcome [4,6]. In a follow-up study of a low-income, higher-proportion, minority sample, Stanger and colleagues [8] included posttreatment booster sessions for parents, hypothesizing that aftercare for parents would be related to maintenance of effective parenting practices, resulting in higher adolescent rates of abstinence [9]. One way to increase parent use of aftercare services may be to offer mobile health interventions, given the potential for wide availability and on-demand access.

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